The data come from summaries of employment and total wages of workers covered by state and federal unemployment insurance. The QCEW data are the product of a federal-state cooperative program. Data SourceīLS derives Business Employment Dynamics data from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) database. In the age group less than one year old the current quarter employment level is equal to the openings component and the prior quarter level is zero. The denominator is the average of the prior and current quarter employment levels. Any firm or establishment that is less than one year old is by definition an opening, and therefore cannot be in any of the other three categories making the numerator for those equal to zero. The numerator in the calculation is the component (openings, expansions, closings or contractions). This is due to the calculation of rates for Business Employment Dynamics data. Rates for age group less than one year old will either be 200% or 0%. The net change in the number of establishments is the difference between the number of openings and the number of closings. The net change in the number of establishments. The net change in employment is the difference between gross job gains and gross job losses. Gross job losses include the sum of all jobs lost in either closing or contracting units. Gross job gains include the sum of all jobs added at either opening or expanding units. These are units with positive employment in March in both the previous and current years, with a net decrease in employment over this period. These are units with positive employment in March in the previous year, with no employment or zero employment reported in March of the current year.Ĭontractions. These are units with positive employment in March in both the previous and current years, with a net increase in employment over this period.Ĭlosings. These are units with positive employment in March of the current year following zero employment in March of the previous year.Įxpansions. The formal definitions of the annual Business Employment Dynamics data elements are as follows: The net change in employment over the year, however, is equal to the sum of four quarterly net changes on a not seasonally adjusted basis. Therefore, the sum of four quarters of gross job gains and gross job losses are not equal to annual gross job gains and gross job losses. At the establishment level, some of the quarterly job gains and job losses are offset during the estimation over the year. The linkage method considers all predecessor and successor relations that may come about due to changes in ownership and corporate restructuring over the entire year. The definitions and methodology in measuring annual gross job gains and gross job losses are similar to the quarterly measures. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and gross jobs lost is the net change in employment. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing units and the loss of jobs at closing units.
Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment at existing units and new jobs at opening units. The new annual research data by age and size track employment changes at private business units from March of each year. These data enable users to compare gross job flows and net employment changes across a wide range of business organizations, from startups to small and young firms to large and older firms. The new data provide insights into job flows by age and size at both the establishment and firm levels. The Business Employment Dynamics program currently publishes data on gross job gains and gross job losses by size of firm and age of establishment. The Bureau of Labor Statistics has developed research data on employment dynamics by age and size.
Research Data on Business Employment Dynamics by Age and Size Overview
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